What Is a Title Deed and How to Read It Correctly?

The title deed is one of the most important legal documents in any property transaction.

It contains the property’s official data, the owner’s name(s), and any rights or encumbrances that may affect the sale or purchase.
Here’s what it means — and how to read it properly.

1. What is a title deed?

The title deed is part of the official Land Registry record and legally certifies:

who owns the property,
what rights or encumbrances apply,
and the property’s registered details and location.
It’s essentially the property’s “identity card”, forming the legal foundation of every real estate transaction.

2. The three main sections of the title deed

The document is divided into three parts, marked with Roman numerals:

Part I – Property details
Contains the property’s plot number, address, size, and land use category.
It identifies exactly which property the document refers to.

Part II – Ownership
Lists the current owner(s), their ownership share, and how ownership was acquired (e.g., sale, inheritance, gift).
This section is crucial for buyers — it confirms who is legally entitled to sell.

Part III – Encumbrances, rights, and restrictions
Shows any mortgages, easements, usufruct rights, foreclosure notices, or prohibitions on sale.
Entries in this section can affect or delay the sale process.

3. How to obtain a title deed

Anyone can request a copy from the Land Registry Office or online via the client portal.
There are two versions:

Informative (non-certified) copy – for reference,
Certified copy – for official or legal use.

4. Why correct interpretation matters

Misunderstanding a record can lead to serious legal issues.
For example, a registered usufruct right or restriction on sale can block the transaction.
Therefore, always consult a lawyer or real estate professional when reviewing a title deed.

Summary

A title deed provides a complete legal picture of a property.
Knowing how to read and interpret it properly helps you avoid legal complications and financial risks.
A successful transaction starts with a clear, encumbrance-free title deed.